Drilling Rig (Jenis-jenis RIg)

Drilling rig is an installation of equipment to drill into underground reservoirs for water, oil, or gas, or mineral deposits underground. Drilling rig could be on land (onshore) or at sea / offshore depending on the needs of its user. Although the offshore rig can drill down to the bottom of the sea to search for minerals, technology and economics of underwater mines can not be done commercially. Therefore, the term "rig" refers to a collection of tools used to carry out drilling on the surface of the Earth's crust to sample the oil, water, or mineral. In a drilling installation, especially for oil and gas and geothermal drilling, typically using the specifications of the equipment that is able to work at a high enough pressure rating ranging from 2000 psi up to 15,000 psi.Rigs drilling for oil and natural gas can be used not only to identify the geological characteristics of the reservoir, but also to create a hole that allows the retrieval content of oil or gas from the reservoir.System main drilling rig consists of:1. Hoisting System

System lifter (Hoisting System) is one of the main components of the rig that serves to help the system tools player in drilled wells by providing tools that fit and work space required to lift and lower the drill string, casing string and subsurface equipment (underground) Other and from the wellbore. Lifting system consists of two (2) sub main parts, namely:1.1. Supporting frame (Supporting Structure) is a steel frame construction which is assembled or built on the point of wells (drilling site) whose job it is to support a series of drill pipe equipment and other equipment used by players to drill holes system.Supporting framework (Supporting Structure) consists of: a. Substructure is a large steel construction purposes are built to be the basis and support the drill tower whose height is determined by the needs of wild bursts deterrent. This substructure into the workplace for activities above and below the rig floor.

b. Drilling tower (Derrick / Mast) function of derrick is to provide space for the lifting or enter a series of drill pipe or into the wellbore. The higher the derrick, the longer the series of drill pipe that can be handled, so the faster the process of making a trip operation.

1.2. Lifting equipment (Hoisting equipment)

Is a special equipment for lifting, lowering and hang a series of drill pipe (consisting of Drill Pipe, Drill Collar, etc.) And drill bit (Drilling bits) in the wellbore.Lifting equipment consists of:a. Drawwork engine unit towing / lifting Strong (winch) located near a table on the floor Rig player.

b. Overhead Tools (Tools Upper)A "chain link" in the lifting system consisting of: - Crown Block: Unit wheels / pulleys-pulley (sheaves-sheaves) located at the top of the tower of drilling.- Travelling Block:The composition of the wheels / pulleys-pulley (sheaves-sheaves) are hung under the crown block above the drill floor. Together with the crown block pulley hoist system formed. - Hook (hook):The hook-shaped tools which are located below the traveling block in which the swivel and a series of drill pipe hanging during drilling operations.- Elevator:Tweezers are very strong and hung on the lick (hanger elevators) associated side Travelling block or hook. These elevators are used to decrease or increase the portions series drill pipe to and from boreholes.c. Drilling Line

High-strength steel wire rope which is a liaison from Drawwork, Crown Block and Block Travelling to attract other overhead equipment in lowering their duties, draw or hang a series of drill pipe and others.2. Circulating SystemCirculating System is a part of the main system that functioned in a drilling rig to circulate drilling mud, drilling down through a series of pipes and climbed into the annular carrying powder permukaan.Aliran drill to drill mud when circulation will pass through parts: a. Mud mud tank to pump b. Mud high pressure pump to the connection surface and into drillstring c. Drillstring to bits d. Bit up through the annulus to the surface e. Until the surface is going through solid control equipment, such as;1. Shale Shaker

2. Desander

3. Desilter

4. CentrifugeIt is aimed at cutting filtration of drilling mud that mud back to the suction tank (suction pit) back clean. And keep repeating until the completion of drilling work.Travelling in the mud of the bit to the surface will bring a lot of information including the rock sample in the form of cutting, it is also sometimes at a particular location will bring non-hydrocarbon gas such as H2S, CO that are harmful to living things around the place.3. Rotating SystemRotating system (system player) is one of the components - the main components of a drilling rig. Its main task is rotating drill bit, drill a burden and give the channel a high-pressure mud into the drill bit to drill to make the hole. The player system consists of four main sub-components:Swivel (head cleansing)

Rotating Assembly (Unit player)



Drill Stem (drill rod)

Bit (drill)

Swivel (head cleansing) is a specially shaped tool that is hung on the hook located under the road block (traveling block) and has the main function to:Connects the stationary tool with a rotating drill rods are free, while high-pressure mud flowed without leakage Withstand load hanging from drill rod during circulation. Rotary Assembly (player unit) is a device centrifuges are powerful and has the main function to: Rotate the drill rod during operation - drilling operations Holding and hanging rod drill dimeja swivel with skid - skid rotary (rotary slips) when adding or removing pipe from a series of drill pipe.Player unit located below the drill floor block crown (crown block) and consists of:Rotary table (turntable) Master bushing (main bearings) Kelly bushing (bearing side pipe) Rotary slips (Slip - skid rotary) Make up and break out the barrel (key - the key binders and release).4. BOP System

Is a system of a rig which functions: - Closing the wellbore pd circumstances there is a pipe or no pipe Dlm hole and For job stripping in or stripping out - Holding the well pressure which arises and impassable all the equipment that was used drilling operations / rework - Controlling pressure wells and interchangeable used to suppress the circulation work lethal kick - Hanging (hanging off) and cut the drill pipe pd emergencies. - Have a system backup equipment if one breaks, special For high pressure wells. equipment to prevent blowout (the explosion of wells on the surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is the BOP (Blow Out Preventer) composed of various valves (valve) and installed at the wellhead (wellhead).5. Power SystemA system in which a drilling rig drilling installation tools get supply power to drive other system-sytem. In a drilling rig consists of a power system that is mechanical and Electrical.an onshore drilling rig can be categorized into:Portable Derrick rig where drilling rigs of this type easily moved, such as those used in the drilling of shallow (less than 1000 meters), as well as reworking operations move layer and well maintenance. Mobile Rig usually have a smaller tower on the tower fixed rig. This rig is relatively more easily moved and set rig.portable derrick mast compared to fixed-sized and has a smaller capacity than Mast. Commonly used for drilling derrick medium (capacity 500 - 750hp) and to work workover and well services. At the time of installation, portable mast is equipped with the installation of guy line (Labrang) to maintain stability.Each tower guyed mast in operation should be mounted guy line, with mounting provisions as suggested by the manufacturer. Every guy should have a breaking strength line least 2 1/2 x maximum load line guy and no smaller than 3/8 ".Fixed Mast Rig, usually have a capacity of up to 1000HP. For ease of transportation and installation, mast structure is usually in the top three (3) parts: upper, middle and lower mast.Fixed Mast rig capable of drilling up to thousands of meters into the Earth's crust. Slurry pumps are used for circulating drilling mud through the drill bit and the casing (sheath), to cool simultaneously take "section of land cut off" for wells drilled.Pulley rig can lift hundreds of tons of drilling pipe. Other equipment can encourage acid or sand into the reservoir to take samples and mineral oils; accommodation for the crew that could number in the hundreds. Offshore rig can operate hundreds to thousands of kilometers from the coast.
RIG drilling generally can be divided into several types according regions

RIG Land: For drilling on land. The simplest form, consists of towers and support structures.

Rig Swamp: Commonly known as sebuat "Swamp Barge". For completeness RIG drilling tool
together with the land, only the tower and drilling system placed on a pontoon. This pontoon would sit at the bottom of the swamp while drilling operations take place. Ordinary operating in waters with a depth of about 5 M.

Jack Up Rig: One unit of drilling tools with long legs. The legs can be up and down to support the main structure. RIG this type are commonly used in areas with a depth of about 100 F or less

Tender RIG: drilling system mounted on the platform. Tender RIG used to assist drilling operations (removal of the pipe, the underlying structures, etc.). Tender RIG will be attached to the platform when drilling operations are in progress.

Semisubmersible RIG: As the name implies, RIG semisub a floating object mounted drilling tools. Usually used to drill in the sea area (more than 100 M).

Drill Ship: All equipment to be installed on the drilling vessel. Used to drill very deep

Drilling Rig so on, you can visit other topic :
GENERAL GUIDELINES HSE (HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT)
Petroleum System

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